Structured Query Language (SQL) is a popular programming language used to manage and manipulate relational databases. SQL functions are a set of SQL statements that perform specific tasks and return a single value or a table of values. SQL functions can be used to simplify complex queries and improve query performance.
In this article, we will discuss how to create functions in SQL, the types of functions, and their syntax.
Creating Functions in SQL:
To create a function in SQL, we use the CREATE FUNCTION statement. The syntax for creating a function is as follows:
CREATE FUNCTION function_name ( [parameter [, parameter]] )
RETURNS return_datatype
AS
BEGIN
function_body
RETURN return_value
END;
Let’s break down the syntax:
CREATE FUNCTION: This statement is used to create a new function in SQL.function_name: This is the name of the function that you want to create.parameter: This is an optional parameter that you can pass to the function.return_datatype: This is the data type of the value that the function will return.function_body: This is the code that will be executed when the function is called.RETURN: This statement is used to return the value from the function.return_value: This is the value that the function will return.
Types of Functions:
There are two types of functions in SQL:
- Scalar Functions:
Scalar functions are functions that return a single value. These functions are used to perform calculations on a single value and return the result. Some examples of scalar functions are:
LEN: This function returns the length of a string.SUM: This function returns the sum of a set of values.AVG: This function returns the average of a set of values.
2. Table-Valued Functions:
Table-valued functions are functions that return a table. These functions are used to perform complex queries and return a set of rows as a result. Some examples of table-valued functions are:
SELECT: This function returns a set of rows from a table.JOIN: This function returns a set of rows from two or more tables.
Example: 👇
Let’s create a scalar function in SQL that returns the length of a string.
CREATE FUNCTION get_length (@str varchar(100))
RETURNS int
AS
BEGIN
RETURN LEN(@str)
END;
In the above example, we have created a function called get_length that takes a string as a parameter and returns its length. The RETURN statement is used to return the length of the string.
Now, let’s call the get_length function and pass a string as a parameter.
SELECT dbo.get_length('Hello World') AS Length;
The above query will return the length of the string “Hello World” as 11.
SQL functions are a powerful tool that can simplify complex queries and improve query performance. By using functions, you can write reusable code that can be called from multiple locations in your SQL scripts.
Important Links:
Microsoft SQL Server Functions: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/functions/functions?view=sql-server-ver15
MySQL Functions: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/functions.html
Oracle SQL Functions: https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/19/sqlrf/SQL-Functions.html
If you really found this blog post informative, give us a clap and follow for more such technical-based articles in the future, we keep bringing these daily.
Happy Learning! ✌️